<h2>EXIF</h2>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif</a></p>
<p>Exchangeable Image File Format. Other formats are:</p>
<ul>
<li>IPTC: a file structure and set of metadata attributes that can be applied to text, images and other media types</li>
<li>ACDSee Metadata</li>
</ul>
<h2>Histogram</h2>
<p><a href="https://photographylife.com/understanding-histograms-in-photography">https://photographylife.com/understanding-histograms-in-photography</a></p>
<ul>
<li>x-axis displays from left to right dark to light tones in an image</li>
<li>the y-axis displays how many of those tones are in the image</li>
<li>if the graph touches the left, there is &quot;shadow clipping&quot; and if the graph touches the right then there is &quot;highlight clipping&quot;</li>
<li>&quot;Clipping&quot; describes losing detail in the image due to too much or not enough light</li>
<li>can be used to discover whether you have clipped any highlight or shadow detail at specific exposure settings</li>
<li>You can use it as a guide to avoid such loss of detail as you take pictures, and that is where histogram excels</li>
</ul>


Technical notes on EXIF, IPTC, and histograms.